这11个古城盖了高墙为了要抵挡敌军，现在却变成了最值得去的观光景点。

在古代，要保护一个城市并不容易，有敌军的威胁、天气影响、外来者的入侵…等等。廣告1 最简单的方式就是盖一个障碍，来挡住敌军，所以这些城市就发展出了高墙和护城河。几千年下来，这个的格局还是保存著，直到今天，成为最美丽的城区。 1. 西班牙托莱多(Toledo,

September 13, 2014

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在古代，要保护一个城市并不容易，有敌军的威胁、天气影响、外来者的入侵…等等。

廣告1

最简单的方式就是盖一个障碍，来挡住敌军，所以这些城市就发展出了高墙和护城河。几千年下来，这个的格局还是保存著，直到今天，成为最美丽的城区。

1. 西班牙托莱多(Toledo, Spain)

Flickr/Nic McPhee

Toledo technically only has one wall, and that's because it's surrounded on three sides by the Tagus River, so it only needed protection on its landward side. Like many of the other cities here, Toledo has a rich past spanning Spain's Roman, Visigothic and Moorish periods.

Flickr/Nic McPhee

托莱多技术上来说只有一面墙，因为它的另外三侧被太加斯河(Tagus River)环绕，所以它只需要防御陆地那方。托莱多的历史悠久，经历包括罗马人、摩尔人(Moorish )、西哥德人(Visigoth)等的时代。

廣告2

2. 叶门希巴姆(Shibam, Yemen)

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廣告3

Shibam looks a lot like a modern city, and is referred to as the "Manhattan of the Desert." But don't let its looks fool you. These mud-brick highrises (well, 8 stories) date from the 1500s. It is located at what used to be a pivotal point on the spice and incense caravan route.

George Steinmetz via Damn Cool Pictures

希巴姆看起来像是个现代都市，也被成为「沙漠中的曼哈顿」(Manhattan of the Desert)，但不要被它外表给骗了，这些泥砖建筑，可以追溯到1500年代，它刚好坐落于连结东西方的重要通道上。

3. 中国平遥县(Pingyao, China)

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Pingyao, in the Shanxi province, has the distinction of being the world's best-preserved walled city. Its history goes back some 2,7000 years, and it's still bustling today with a population of 50,000. Because of the locations of its six massive gates, its layout resembles a turtle and has earned it the nickname "Turtle City."

Wikimedia Commons

平遥县在山西省，有着世界上保存最完好的城墙。它的历史可以追溯到大约2,700年前，而至今，它还是个5万人熙熙攘攘的城市。因为六个大城门的位置，它的布局很像一只乌龟，所以也有「龟城」这个称号。

4. 克罗埃西亚杜布罗夫尼克(Dubrovnik, Croatia)

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Dubrovnik is called the "Pearl of the Adriatic" and was for a long time the only Adriatic city that could rival Venice. Today it's a popular tourist destination, but when it was built in the Middle Ages (it was founded in the 7th century), it was a serious fortification. The walls on the landward side of the city measure four to six meters thick.

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杜布罗夫尼克也被称为「亚得里亚海明珠」(Pearl of the Adriatic)，曾经有很长一段时间是亚得里亚海上唯一的城市。它现在是个热门的观光景点，但当它在中世纪的时候(建于公元7世纪)，这是一个很防御堡垒，在陆地侧的城墙，有4到6公尺这么厚。

5. 摩洛哥达鲁丹(Taroudant, Morocco)

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Taroudant is known as the "Grandmother of Marrakech" because it was used in the 16th century as the Saadi dynasty's capital before Marrakech. The city's walls and mosque date to 1528, and today it boasts a number of Berber and Arab souks selling all kinds of goods.

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达鲁丹被称为「马拉喀什的祖母」(Grandmother of Marrakech)，因为早在马拉喀什之前，达鲁丹在16世纪时就是萨阿迪王朝(Saadi)的首都。这个城市的城墙和清真寺可以追溯到1528年，而今天，它有很多柏柏人(Berber)和阿拉伯人的露天市场，贩卖各种商品。

6. 挪威腓特烈斯塔(Fredrikstad, Norway)

The wall and moat surrounding Fredrikstad was meant to be temporary, a fortification during the Hannibal War of the 1640s to keep out Swedish forces. But they didn't seem to want to waste the effort, so they were left, making the city walled and moated to this day. And check out that cool star pattern the moats make.

Walled Towns

腓特烈斯塔的城墙和护城河原本只是暂时的，是在1640年代的汉尼拔战役(Hannibal War)中用来抵御瑞典军队。之后还是保存下来了，直到今天。护城河让整个城市的格局呈现星型的样子。

7. 义大利卢卡(Lucca, Italy)

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廣告4

The Tuscan city of Lucca dates back to the time of the Etruscans, and later became a Roman colony. You can still see the Roman-style grid of streets today. Lucca flourished in the medieval and Renaissance periods, and became known as a center of Jewish culture. Despite expansion, its walls have remained intact, and today serve as a pedestrian promenade, and have been used for auto races in the past.

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卢卡托斯卡纳城可以追溯到伊特鲁里亚文明(Etruscan)的年代，后来变成罗马的殖民，直到今天，你还是可以看到罗马风格的网格街道。卢卡在中世纪和文艺复兴时期很兴盛，并成为犹太文化的中心。尽管城市已经扩张了，它的城墙还是保持完好，作为现在的行人长廊，也用于汽车比赛。

8. 法国卡尔卡松(Carcassonne, France)

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Carcassone has been occupied since about 3500 BCE, and has been home to Celts, Romans, Visigoths and Saracens. Despite its breathtaking beauty and history, it was left off Napoleon's list for national restorations and fell into disrepair, so much so that it was slated for demolition in 1849. But thanks to the uproar that ensued, it was saved, and restorations began in 1853, and they would go on for almost 60 years.

University of North Carolina

从公元前3,500年起，卡尔卡松就接续被凯尔特人(Celts)、罗马人、西哥德人(Visigoths )、撒拉森人(Saracens)所占领。尽管它美丽又有历史，它却没有被拿破仑列入国家修复清单，结果年久失修，以致于它到1849年被列入拆迁。所幸当时吵得沸沸扬扬，所以才把它保存下来。这个古城在1853年开始修复，工程一路维持了60年。